Clove Bud Absolute

#### Clove Bud Absolute. **Clove Bud Absolute **is produced from **Clove Bud Concrète**. The concrète is produced by hydrocarbon solvent extraction of the dried and comminuted flower-buds of **Eugenia**** ****Caryophyllata **(see monograph on **Clove Bud Oil**). Petroleum ether, benzene or gasoline is used in the extraction. Gasoline yields a superior concrète in respect to odor. The color and general appearance, too, varies according to the solvent used. **Clove**** ****Bud**** ****Concrète**** **is a semi-solid mass or a viscous liquid of dark brown, yellowish brown or pale olive green color. The author has prepared extracts with all the above mentioned solvents. The extracts were in all cases clear and viscous liquids of pale brown to olive color. Several commercially available concrètes are waxy and semi-solid masses. The odor of clove bud concrète is oily-sweet, intensely rich and spicy, slightly sour-fruity and refreshing. The odor is very closely reminiscent of that of the dry clove buds. Clove Bud Oleoresin is a commercial name for various extracts of clove buds. The direct extraction product from the buds with boiling ethyl alcohol is quite common. It is a viscous brown liquid, occasionally separating waxy particles on standing. Its odor is often perceptibly affected by the presence of small amounts of solvent (ethyl alcohol). A "wine"-like note develops upon ageing but the overall fragrance is very typical of the spice itself. The alcohol- extracted "oleoresin" is generally a more powerful perfume and flavor material than any of the other types of extract. It is less refined or delicate in odor and it is considerably darker in color than the hydrocarbon solvent extracts or the corresponding absolutes. True **Clove Bud**** ****Oleoresin **should be prepared by hydrocarbon solvent extraction, preferably by room-temperature percolation. **Clove Bud Absolute **is prepared by alcohol extraction of the concrète (sometimes called oleoresin). The absolute from a gasoline extracted material is usually superior in respect to odor. The yield is somewhat smaller than that from benzene extraction. Absolute from petroleum ether extracted material is very pale of color (olive green) and of a more "piquant" odor than the absolute from benzene extracted material. The latter is richer in odor body. **Clove Bud Absolute **is usually an olive-green, greenish brown or orange brown, viscous or oily liquid which may solidify at reduced temperatures to a semi-solid mass. The absolute is soluble in alcohol in all proportions. The odor of the absolute is not only a very close approach to the odor of the botanical material. It presents a floral and refined type of this fragrance, also resembling the balsamic, sour-sweet and immensely rich fragrance of clove flowers in full bloom. **Clove**** ****Bud**** ****Absolute**** **(and other cold-extracted products from clove buds) contains apparently only those aromatic principles which are present in the buds from nature's side. There is no trace of a dry caryophyllene-type of odor (such as found in clove leaf oil). It seems beyond doubt, that these unwanted off-notes in odor and flavor are formed during the distillation of the buds, particularly when the distillation is performed at temperatures beyond 100° C. (see monograph on **Clove Bud Oil).** Clove bud absolute is particularly useful in perfumes where the non-phenolic notes of cloves are wanted to impart a spicy, yet fresh-floral and intriguing note of great diffusive power. The absolute can be used with surprisingly good effects in many floral bases and it lends interesting twists to ylang-ylang, carnation, rose, cassie, narcissus and other floral perfume types. The absolute is occasionally used in flavors to bring the true fragrance of the clove buds to life in a delightful topnote. The use level for **Clove**** ****Bud**** ****Absolute**** **from **Gasoline**** ****Concrète**** **would be about 0.80 to 2.50 mg% and the **Minimum**** ****Perceptible**** **is 0.08 to 0.12 mg%. It is noted that the flavor strength of the absolute is about twice the strength of an average quality of clove bud oil. **Oleoresin**** ****of**** ****Clove**** ****Buds**** **(various direct extraction products) is used quite extensively in table sauces, baked goods, etc. in place of powdered clove buds. **Clove**** ****Bud**** ****Ultrasonic**** ****Extract**** **is available in limited quantities but the recent development in this technique of extraction may result in improved capacity and consequently in more attractive cost of these extracts.